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[Creeperopolis]

The Electoral Junta was established in Costa Rica on 5 January 1822 after the Interim Junta was abolished, and five days later, the junta approved Costa Rica's annexation to the Mexican Empire.[65][66] The Electoral Junta was succeeded by the Superior Gubernatorial Junta (es) on 13 January 1822, and its president, Rafael Barroeta y Castilla (es), began preparations to hold elections which would determine Costa Rica's representatives in the Mexican Constituent Congress (es). The election was held on 31 January 1822.[67]

In October 1822, some Costa Ricans became frustrated with Agustín I when he abolished the Constituent Congress without a new constitution being drafted. The frustrations divided Costa Rican politicians on whether to remain with Mexico or to secede. On 8 March 1823, the junta voted to secede from Mexico, declaring: "The Province of Costa Rica shall be absolutely free and independent of any power, therefore in the use of its rights and the current congress in the exercise of its sovereignty."[67][68] The declaration of independence was not universally agreed upon by all Costa Rican politicians and led to a civil conflict between the Costa Rican ruling class between those in favor of independence (republicans) and those in favor of remaining with Mexico (monarchists).[67]

On 14 March 1823, the Superior Gubernatorial Junta was dissolved in favor of the Provincial Deputation led by Rafael Francisco Osejo, however, Osejo and the new government were overthrown in a coup d'état by monarchist Joaquín de Oreamuno on 29 March 1823.[69][70][71] Republican Gregorio José Ramírez was declared as the leader of Costa Rica in opposition of Oreamuno in the city of Alajuela on 1 April 1823.[69]

Ramírez led republican forces in battle against the monarchists on 5 April 1823 in the Battle of Ochomogo. The battle ended in a republican victory and the overthrow of Oreamuno, afterwards, Ramírez assumed the position as the absolute leader of Costa Rica.[71][72] Ramírez was succeeded by José María de Peralta on 16 April 1823, who was then succeeded by a second Superior Gubernatorial Junta led by Manuel Alvarado e Hidalgo (es) on 10 May 1823, which remained in power until September 1824.[73]