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#51
Eadwig (also Edwy,[1] and Eadwig All-Fair;[2] c. 940 – 1 October 959) was King of England from 23 November 955 until his death in 959. He was the elder son of Edmund I and his first wife Ælfgifu, who died in 944. Eadwig and his brother Edgar were young children when their father was killed trying to rescue his seneschal from attack by an outlawed thief on 26 May 946. As Edmund's sons were too young to rule he was succeeded by his brother Eadred, who suffered from ill health and died unmarried in his early 30s.

Eadwig became king in 955 aged about fifteen and was no more than twenty when he died in 959. He clashed at the beginning of his reign with Dunstan, the powerful Abbot of Glastonbury and future Archbishop of Canterbury, and exiled him to Flanders. He later came to be seen as an enemy of monasteries, but most historians think that this reputation is unfair. In 956 he issued more than sixty charters transferring land, a yearly total unmatched by any other European king before the twelfth century, and this is seen by some historians as either an attempt to buy support or rewarding his favourites at the expense of the powerful old guard of the previous reign.

In 957 the kingdom was divided between Eadwig, who kept the territory south of the Thames, and Edgar, who became king of the land north of it. Historians disagree whether this had been planned since the beginning of his reign or was the result of a successful revolt brought about by Eadwig's enemies. The following year, Oda, Archbishop of Canterbury, separated Eadwig from his wife Ælfgifu on the ground that they were too closely related. Edgar succeeded to the whole kingdom when Eadwig died in 959.

The Benedictine reform movement became dominant in Edgar's reign with his strong support, and monastic writers praised him and condemned Eadwig as irresponsible and incompetent. Their view was generally accepted by historians until the late twentieth century, but in the twenty-first century some historians have defended Eadwig, while others see his character and the events of his reign as unclear due to uncertain and conflicting evidence.
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#52
The Battle of the Defile or Battle of the Pass (Arabic: وقعة الشعب, romanized: Waqʿat al-Shʿib) was fought in the Takhtakaracha Pass (in modern Uzbekistan) between a large army of the Umayyad Caliphate and the Turkic Türgesh khaganate over three days in July 731 CE. The Türgesh had been besieging Samarkand and Samarkand’s commander, Sawra ibn al-Hurr al-Abani, had sent a request for relief to the newly appointed governor of Khurasan, Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri. Junayd's 28,000-strong army was attacked by the Türgesh in the pass, and although the Umayyad army managed to extricate itself and reach Samarkand, it suffered enormous casualties; Sawra's 12,000 men, who had been commanded to attack the Türgesh from the rear in a relief effort, were almost annihilated.

The battle, for which one of the most detailed accounts of the entire Umayyad era survives in the History of al-Tabari, halted or reversed Muslim expansion into Central Asia for a decade. The losses suffered by the Khurasani army also led to the transfer of reinforcements from the metropolitan regions of the Caliphate, which in the long term weakened the Umayyad regime and helped bring about its collapse twenty years later in the Abbasid Revolution that began in Khurasan.
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#53
The 2022 Welsh Open (officially the 2022 BetVictor Welsh Open) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 28 February to 6 March 2022 at the International Convention Centre Wales at the Celtic Manor Resort in Newport, Wales. It was the 12th ranking event of the 2021–22 snooker season, and the 31st edition of the Welsh Open, first held in 1992. It was the seventh of eight tournaments in the season's European Series, and the fourth and final event of the Home Nations Series. The tournament was broadcast by BBC Cymru Wales, BBC Online, BBC Red Button, Quest and Eurosport domestically.

Jordan Brown was the defending champion, having defeated Ronnie O'Sullivan 9–8 in the final of the 2021 event. However, Brown lost 3–4 in his held-over qualifying match against Mitchell Mann. Joe Perry defeated Judd Trump 9–5 in the final to capture his first Welsh Open title and the second ranking title of his career. Aged 47, Perry became the oldest player to win a ranking tournament since Ray Reardon in 1982. There were 52 century breaks made during the main venue stage of the event; the highest was a 142, made by Michael White in the second round.
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#54
"I Drink Wine" is a song by English singer Adele from her fourth studio album 30 (2021). Adele co-wrote the song with its producer Greg Kurstin. It became available as the album's seventh track on 19 November 2021, when it was released by Columbia Records. "I Drink Wine" is a ballad with gospel influences which is reminiscent of church music and incorporates a piano and an organ in its instrumentation. The song is about letting go of one's ego and addresses Adele's divorce with Simon Konecki, comprising arduous realisations about the condition of her marriage and life.

"I Drink Wine" generally received positive reviews from music critics, some of whom viewed it as one of Adele's best songs and a career highlight. It reached the top 10 in the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and Sweden, and entered the charts in various other countries. Joe Talbot directed the music video for "I Drink Wine", which depicts Adele floating through a river and exploring a forest while drinking a glass of wine. Adele performed the song for her television specials and at the Brit Awards 2022 which was positively received. "I Drink Wine" impacted radio airplay in Italy on 4 November 2022, as the album's third single.
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#55
Ceres (/ˈsɪəriːz/;[17] minor-planet designation: 1 Ceres) is a dwarf planet in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. It was the first asteroid discovered, on 1 January 1801, by Giuseppe Piazzi at Palermo Astronomical Observatory in Sicily and announced as a new planet. Ceres was later classified as an asteroid and then a dwarf planet – the only one always inside Neptune's orbit.

Ceres's small size means that even at its brightest, it is too dim to be seen by the naked eye, except under extremely dark skies. Its apparent magnitude ranges from 6.7 to 9.3, peaking at opposition (when it is closest to Earth) once every 15- to 16-month synodic period. As a result, its surface features are barely visible even with the most powerful telescopes, and little was known until the robotic NASA spacecraft Dawn approached Ceres for its orbital mission in 2015.

Dawn found Ceres's surface to be a mixture of water ice, and hydrated minerals such as carbonates and clay. Gravity data suggest Ceres to be partially differentiated into a muddy (ice-rock) mantle/core and a less dense but stronger crust that is at most 30% ice by volume. Although Ceres likely lacks an internal ocean of liquid water, brines still flow through the outer mantle and reach the surface, allowing cryovolcanoes such as Ahuna Mons to form roughly every fifty million years. This makes Ceres the closest known cryovolcanic body to the Sun, and the brines provide a potential habitat for microbial life.

In January 2014, emissions of water vapour were detected around Ceres, creating a tenuous, transient atmosphere known as an exosphere. This was unexpected because vapour is usually a hallmark of comets, not asteroids.
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#56
Niandra LaDes and Usually Just a T-Shirt is the debut album by American musician John Frusciante, released on November 22, 1994, by American Recordings. Frusciante was previously a member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, but left in 1992 after he became overwhelmed by the band's newfound popularity. During this period, he became severely depressed and developed a serious drug addiction. He isolated himself in his home to record music for an eventual album. Niandra LaDes and Usually Just a T-Shirt combines avant-garde and stream-of-consciousness styles, with guitar, piano and various effects on a four-track recorder. Niandra LaDes and Usually Just a T-Shirt was met with general confusion and a mixed response from fans and critics, and sold 15,000 copies by 1996. Two years later, Frusciante rehabilitated and rejoined the Red Hot Chili Peppers.
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#57
Kathryn Dwyer Sullivan (born October 3, 1951) is an American geologist and oceanographer, and a former NASA astronaut and US Navy officer. She was a crew member on three Space Shuttle missions.

A graduate of University of California, Santa Cruz in the United States, and Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, Canada—where she earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree in geology in 1978—Sullivan was selected as one of the six women among the 35 astronaut candidate in NASA Astronaut Group 8, the first group to include women. During her training, she became the first woman to be certified to wear a United States Air Force pressure suit, and on July 1, 1979, she set an unofficial sustained American aviation altitude record for women. During her first mission, STS-41-G, Sullivan performed the first extra-vehicular activity (EVA) by an American woman. On her second, STS-31, she helped deploy the Hubble Space Telescope. On the third, STS-45, she served as Payload Commander on the first Spacelab mission dedicated to NASA's Mission to Planet Earth.

Sullivan was Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) after being confirmed by the US Senate on March 6, 2014. Her tenure ended on January 20, 2017, after which she was designated as the 2017 Charles A. Lindbergh Chair of Aerospace History at the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum, and also served as a Senior Fellow at the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies. On June 7, 2020, Sullivan became the first woman to dive to the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. In September 2021 President Joe Biden appointed her to the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.
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#58
Phosphatodraco is a genus of azhdarchid pterosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous of what is now Morocco. In 2000, a pterosaur specimen consisting of five cervical (neck) vertebrae was discovered in the Ouled Abdoun Phosphatic Basin. The specimen was made the holotype of the new genus and species Phosphatodraco mauritanicus in 2003; the genus name means "dragon from the phosphates", and the specific name refers to the region of Mauretania. Phosphatodraco was the first Late Cretaceous pterosaur known from North Africa, and the second pterosaur genus described from Morocco. It is one of the only known azhdarchids preserving a relatively complete neck, and was one of the last known pterosaurs. Additional cervical vertebrae have since been assigned to the genus, and it has been suggested that fossils of the pterosaur Tethydraco represent wing elements of Phosphatodraco.

Due to the fragmentary nature of the holotype cervical vertebrae, there has been controversy over their order. The describers considered them as cervicals (abbreviated as C) C5–C9 in the series, the first preserved vertebra (C5) being broken in two, but others consider them C3–C8, C3 and C4 being two different vertebrae. The interpretation followed has consequences for how Phosphatodraco is distinguished from other azhdarchids and how large it is thought to have been; the describers considered it to have had a wingspan of 5 m (16 ft); the alternate interpretation would lead to a 4 m (13 ft) wingspan. The complete neck may have been 865 mm (2 ft 10 in) long. Phosphatodraco is mainly distinguished by its C8 (or C7) vertebra being very elongated, 50% longer than the C5, and in having a prominent neural spine that is almost as tall as the centrum (the main part of the vertebra), truncated in a square shape at the top, and located far back. As an azhdarchid, it would have had a proportionally long neck, small body, and long limbs, compared to other pterosaurs.

The closest relatives of Phosphatodraco appear to have been Aralazhdarcho and Eurazhdarcho. Azhdarchids have historically been considered skim-feeders that caught prey from water in coastal settings, but it has since been suggested that the context in which their fossils are found and their morphology – such as their long, stiffened necks (informed by for example the neck of Phosphatodraco) – is more consistent with them having foraged terrestrially like storks or ground hornbills, but this is still debated. Although pterosaurs were thought to have declined in diversity towards the time of their extinction 66 million years ago, the diversity in taxa, including Phosphatodraco, in the Ouled Abdoun Basin, which dates to the late Maastrichtian, right before the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, indicates their extinction happened abruptly.
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#59
[Intro: Rainbow Dash, Pinkie Pie, Applejack & Rarity]
Three months of winter coolness and awesome holidays
We've kept our hoovsies warm at home, time off from work to play
But the food we've stored is runnin' out, and we can't grow in this cold
And even though I love my boots, this fashion's getting old

[Verse 1: Twilight Sparkle]
The time has come to welcome spring and all things warm and green
But it's also time to say goodbye; it's winter, we must clean
How can I help? I'm new, you see, what does everypony do?
How do I fit in without magic? I haven't got a clue
[Chorus: Choir, Applejack, Rainbow Dash]
Winter Wrap Up, Winter Wrap Up, let's finish our holiday cheer
Winter Wrap Up, Winter Wrap Up, 'cause tomorrow spring is here
'Cause tomorrow spring is here

[Verse 2: RD, both Rainbow and Pinkie Pie]
Bringing home the southern birds, a pegasus' job begins
And clearing all the gloomy skies to let the sunshine in
We move the clouds and we melt the white snow
When the sun comes up, its warmth and beauty will glow

[Chorus: Choir]
Winter Wrap Up, Winter Wrap Up, let's finish our holiday cheer
Winter Wrap Up, Winter Wrap Up, 'cause tomorrow spring is here
Winter Wrap Up, Winter Wrap Up, 'cause tomorrow spring is here
'Cause tomorrow spring is here

[Verse 3: Rarity, Fluttershy, Both]
Little critters hibernate under the snow and ice
We wake up all their sleepy heads so quietly and nice
We help them gather up their food, fix their homes below
We welcome back the southern birds, so their families can grow

[Chorus: Choir, Rarity]
Winter Wrap Up, Winter Wrap Up (Winter, winter)
Let's finish our holiday cheer
Winter Wrap Up, Winter Wrap Up (Winter, winter)
'Cause tomorrow spring is here
Winter Wrap Up, Winter Wrap Up (Winter, winter)
'Cause tomorrow spring is here
'Cause tomorrow spring is here
You might also like
[Verse 4: Applejack, Applejack & Cherry Berry & Golden Harvest]
No easy task to clear the ground, plant our tiny seeds
With proper care and sunshine, everyone it feeds
Apples, carrots, celery stalks, colorful flowers too
We must work so very hard, it's just so much to do!

[Chorus: Choir, Pinkie]
Winter Wrap Up, Winter Wrap Up, let's finish our holiday cheer
Winter Wrap Up, Winter Wrap Up, 'cause tomorrow spring is here
Winter Wrap Up, Winter Wrap Up, 'cause tomorrow spring is here
'Cause tomorrow spring is here

[Bridge: Twilight Sparkle]
Now that I know what they all do, I have to find my place
And help with all of my heart, tough task ahead I face
How will I do without my magic? Help the Earth pony way
I wanna belong so I must do my best today
Do my best today!

[Chorus: Choir, Twilight Sparkle]
Winter Wrap Up, Winter Wrap Up, let's finish our holiday cheer
Winter Wrap Up, Winter Wrap Up, 'cause tomorrow spring is here
Winter Wrap Up, Winter Wrap Up, 'cause tomorrow spring is here
'Cause tomorrow spring is here
Cause tomorrow spring is here
Council Delegate and Consul Emeritus
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#60
cringe ^
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